Time in space

This end only comes to the heavies of the neighborhood, those that weigh 30 times as much as our sun or more. When it happens, their dazzling light can be seen at much greater distances than before the event. Thus, early observers of the heavens saw bright points of light appear in the sky where none had existed the night before, and they dubbed them “supernova” or “new stars.”

Until now, scientists had only been able to spot supernovae several days after stars in the process of exploding had begun to brighten. But the scientists who investigate this phenomenon needed to be able to observe what happens to these stars in real time. That's precisely what NASA scientists have managed to do for the first time, and their achievement has confirmed theoretical research carried out by Prof. Eli Waxman of the Weizmann Institute's Department of Condensed Matter Physics.

Aided by NASA's advanced research satellite, Swift, the scientists succeeded in detecting a supernova just 160 seconds after the event began. Seeing the supernova so early allowed the scientists to observe, in addition to the material being expelled in all directions, jets of gamma rays and x rays shooting out from the vicinity of the explosion.

This confirmed the theory that supernovas are the source of gamma ray bursts that have been measured in the past. They also found that the star was composed mainly of oxygen and carbon, signs that the star was, indeed, very heavy. For the first time, scientists were able to identify shock waves that give rise to the gamma and x-ray radiation emanating from the center of the star and moving toward the surface. These findings have bolstered the theoretical model of such supernova explosions proposed by Waxman several years ago.