Researchers contact single graphene nanoribbons. Quantum technology is promising, but also perplexing. In the coming decades, it is expected to provide us with various technological breakthroughs: smaller and more precise sensors, highly secure communication networks, and powerful computers that can help develop new drugs and materials, control financial markets, and predict the weather much faster than current computing technology ever could. To achieve this, we need so-called quantum materials: substances that exhibit pronounced quantum physical effects. One such material is…
Researchers in Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science have developed a method that uses artificial intelligence to augment how cells are studied and could help scientists better understand and eventually treat disease. Images of organ or tissue samples contain millions of cells. And while analyzing these cells in situ is an important part of biological research, such images make it nearly impossible to identify individual cells, determine their function and understand their organization. A technique called spatial transcriptomics brings…
Over the past decade, scientists have made tremendous progress in generating quantum phenomena in mechanical systems. What seemed impossible only fifteen years ago has now become a reality, as researchers successfully create quantum states in macroscopic mechanical objects. By coupling these mechanical oscillators to light photons – known as “optomechanical systems”-, scientists have been able to cool them down to their lowest energy level close to the quantum limit, “squeeze them” to reduce their vibrations even further, and entangle them…
“As a cellular network researcher, you are in some ways a prisoner of your geographic position,” says CISPA researcher Dr. Adrian Dabrowski. Because of the large number of providers and networks, cellular network researchers have so far only been able to carry out tests and measurements in foreign cellular networks at immense expense. Together with Gabriel Gegenhuber from the University of Vienna and other research colleagues, Dabrowski has therefore developed MOBILEATLAS, a kind of infrastructure that allows testing from any…
Researchers have modified a commercial virtual reality headset, giving it the ability to measure brain activity and examine how we react to hints, stressors and other outside forces. The research team at The University of Texas at Austin created a noninvasive electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor that they installed in a Meta VR headset that can be worn comfortably for long periods. The EEG measures the brain’s electrical activity during the immersive VR interactions. The device could be used in many ways,…
By fine-tuning the spin density in some materials, researchers may be able to develop new quantum sensors or quantum simulations. Electronic devices typically use the charge of electrons, but spin — their other degree of freedom — is starting to be exploited. Spin defects make crystalline materials highly useful for quantum-based devices such as ultrasensitive quantum sensors, quantum memory devices, or systems for simulating the physics of quantum effects. Varying the spin density in semiconductors can lead to new properties…
New methods from ISTA scientists at SIGGRAPH 2023. 3D light sculptures. Tsunami waves on a beach. Previewing color tattoos. Contributions from the Bickel and Wojtan groups at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) to the 2023 SIGGRAPH conference tackle an impressive variety of classic and novel questions. While their focuses range from computer graphics to fabrication methods, the computer scientists are united in finding cost-effective, innovative solutions and empowering users. SIGGRAPH is the top worldwide annual convention for…
Highlights: Since its inception in 2014, Insilico Medicine has developed multiple AI models for predicting the probability of success of clinical trials focusing on Phase II to Phase III transition probabilities. To validate the models, it pursued three strategies – retrospective, quasi-prospective, and prospective validation. In 2016, it deposited on a preprint server the first date-stamped article with the predictions of clinical trials. The publication titled “Prediction of clinical trials outcomes based on target choice and clinical trial design with…
CISPA Faculty Dr. Michael Schwarz has been researching side-channel attacks for years. He was involved, among other things, in the discovery of Platypus and Meltdown. These are cyberattacks in which data is stolen via a detour, the so-called side-channel. Side-channel attacks exploit information that the Central Processing Unit (CPU) reveals involuntarily during processing, such as runtime behavior or power consumption. With Collide+Power, Michael Schwarz, his PhD student Lukas Gerlach, and a group of researchers at TU Graz, have now discovered…
Using AR glasses for online lectures. Online offers by universities are mostly limited to playing back videos of lecturers’ presentations. There aren’t any opportunities for direct interaction. Scientists at the Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, HHI, want to change that with their VoluProf project. This project involves 32 cameras recording the lecturer’s presentation from all angles. The video data is used to generate a photo-realistic animated avatar that appears lifelike via AR glasses, and can even answer questions. Almost all…
Around 150 million doctor’s letters are written every year in Germany. This takes precious time which could be used elsewhere. The “doctor’s letter generator”, which is currently being developed by scientists from the Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems IAIS, could provide a solution for creating the document in a fraction of the time. The application is based on a combination of algorithms and artificial intelligence that is applied for Natural Language Processing (NLP). The new white paper…
Advancements in photonic memory for faster optical computing. In a breakthrough for optical computing, researchers developed a nanosecond-scale volatile modulation scheme integrating a phase-change material. Technological advancements like autonomous driving and computer vision are driving a surge in demand for computational power. Optical computing, with its high throughput, energy efficiency, and low latency, has garnered considerable attention from academia and industry. However, current optical computing chips face limitations in power consumption and size, which hinders the scalability of optical computing…
Researchers from TU Darmstadt and ESA present a new method. More and more artificial objects are orbiting the Earth. Apart from satellites essential for communication, research, or navigation, most others are unwelcome and pose an operational risk because they increase the probability of collisions. Preventing these requires efficient algorithms to identify objects that are getting dangerously close to each other, researchers at TU Darmstadt and the European Space Agency (ESA) now present two new approaches. In 1957, the first satellite…
Quantum key successfully distributed between two points with combination of free-space and fiber links. Researchers from Jena, Berlin, Erlangen-Nuremberg and Wessling have successfully distributed quantum keys between two points using a combination of free-space and fiber links under everyday conditions. On a heterogeneous test bed in Jena, they achieved key rates in the kilobit range per second in daylight. The experiment was implemented as part of the QuNET initiative, a pilot project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education…
Researchers used an innovative machine learning approach to develop a tiny model capable of running on a satellite’s limited processing power; The trained model successfully detected cloud cover in satellite images in around a tenth of a second; The model could easily be adapted to enable automated decision making for a range of purposes, from disaster management to deforestation. For the first time, a project led by the University of Oxford has trained a machine learning model in outer space,…
This is the main conclusion of a study led by the ICM-CSIC recently published in the prestigious journal Science Robotics. A team led by the Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC) in Barcelona in collaboration with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) in Califòrnia, the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and the Universitat de Girona (UdG), proves for the first time that reinforcement learning -i.e., a neural network that learns the best action to perform at each moment based…
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