Researchers propose a novel approach that utilizes deep learning to generate three-dimensional holograms from colored two-dimensional images. Holograms that offer a three-dimensional (3D) view of objects provide a level of detail that is unattainable by regular two-dimensional (2D) images. Due to their ability to offer a realistic and immersive experience of 3D objects, holograms hold enormous potential for use in various fields, including medical imaging, manufacturing, and virtual reality. Holograms are traditionally constructed by recording the three-dimensional data of an…

Researchers coaxed a family of generative AI models to work together to solve multistep robot manipulation problems. Anyone who has ever tried to pack a family-sized amount of luggage into a sedan-sized trunk knows this is a hard problem. Robots struggle with dense packing tasks, too. For the robot, solving the packing problem involves satisfying many constraints, such as stacking luggage so suitcases don’t topple out of the trunk, heavy objects aren’t placed on top of lighter ones, and collisions…

From now on, four new locations will enrich the activities of the Netzwerk Teilchenwelt. Forschungszentrum Jülich, the Helmholtz Institute Jena, Bielefeld University and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) join the thirty research institutions that bring their research on the fascinating world of particle physics to the public under the leadership of TU Dresden. Connecting research institutes, schools and places of learning to foster young talent in STEM fields and communicating about particle physics in an exciting and understandable way – this…

Tailored electron pulses for improved electron microscopy. Electron microscopes provide unique vistas of nanoscale structures, but their resolution is limited by the mutual repulsion of electrons. Researchers in Göttingen have now succeeded in precisely measuring the influence of these interactions. They discovered an “energetic fingerprint” in which the distribution of the electrons’ velocities is characteristic of their respective numbers. This finding has enabled the team to develop a method that could increase the performance of established electron microscopes and open…

With a quick pulse of light, researchers can now find and erase errors in real time. Researchers have developed a method that can reveal the location of errors in quantum computers, making them up to ten times easier to correct. This will significantly accelerate progress towards large-scale quantum computers capable of tackling the world’s most challenging computational problems, the researchers said. Led by Princeton University’s Jeff Thompson, the team demonstrated a way to identify when errors occur in quantum computers…

The amount of power a microswimmer needs to move can now be determined more easily. Scientists from the department Living Matter Physics at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS) developed a general theorem to calculate the minimal energy required for propulsion. These insights allow a profound understanding for practical applications, such as targeted transport of molecules and substrates. One of the most important properties of a vehicle, be it a car, a plane or a ship, is…

Artificial intelligence, AI, which finds patterns in complex biological data could eventually contribute to the development of individually tailored healthcare. Researchers at Linköping University, Sweden, have developed an AI-based method applicable to various medical and biological issues. Their models can for instance accurately estimate people’s chronological age and determine whether they have been smokers or not.  There are many factors that can affect which out of all our genes are used at any given point in time. Smoking, dietary habits…

… can self-configure to perform various functions. On-chip quadrilateral Mach–Zehnder interferometer network could potentially be used for optical neural network applications. Researchers have developed an easy-to-use optical chip that can configure itself to achieve various functions. The positive real-valued matrix computation they have achieved gives the chip the potential to be used in applications requiring optical neural networks. Optical neural networks can be used for a variety of data-heavy tasks such as image classification, gesture interpretation and speech recognition. Photonic…

Core components for the upcoming MESA experiment MAGIX have arrived in Mainz. One of the key projects of the Mainz Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+ is the construction of the new energy-recovering particle accelerator MESA, which will enable experiments with unprecedented precision in the future. One of these experiments is called MAGIX – a sophisticated spectrometer setup with which scientists hope to answer some of the most fundamental questions in modern physics: How big is the proton, really? Can we find…

University of Tübingen research team uses the open star cluster Messier 37 as a celestial laboratory to determine stellar evolution and measure loss of mass. Stars like our sun end their lives as white dwarfs. Some of them are surrounded by a planetary nebula consisting of gas ejected by the dying star shortly before its death. An international research team led by Professor Klaus Werner of the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Tübingen has for the…

New Measurements Point at Slower Burn-In Phase of Hydrogen Burning. Nuclear astrophysics studies the evolution of the elements in the universe since its creation. The astrophysical models rely on parameters that scientists deduce from laboratory measurements. Nuclear reactions play a crucial role inside of stars. A team from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), together with researchers from Italy, Hungary and Scotland, has now reinvestigated one of the central reactions at the Dresden Felsenkeller accelerator – with a surprising result, as reported…

Researchers have made the first demonstrations of identifying and removing “erasure” errors. Quantum computers of the future hold promise in solving all sorts of problems. For example, they could lead to more sustainable materials, new medicines, and even crack the hardest problems in fundamental physics. But compared to classical computers in use today, rudimentary quantum computers are more prone to errors. Wouldn’t it be nice if researchers could just take out a special quantum eraser and get rid of the…

Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed electronic “stickers” that measure the force exerted by one object upon another. The force stickers are wireless, run without batteries and fit in tight spaces. That makes them versatile for a wide range of applications, from arming robots with a sense of touch to elevating the immersive experience of VR and AR, making biomedical devices smarter, monitoring the safety of industrial equipment, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of inventory…

Low-frequency noise is bad for health, but a pingpong ball acoustic metasurface can stop it. Long-term exposure to low-frequency noise can cause numerous health problems, but the solution may be found in an unexpected object, a pingpong ball. Conventionally thought of as the hollow plastic balls that speed through the air during a fast-tempo game of table tennis, with a few modifications, pingpong balls can help absorb the city din. Low-frequency noise is ubiquitous in cities, near roads, and by…

CISPA researcher conducts self-experiment… Messenger services offer a relatively high level of security through standard end-to-end encryption. However, that’s only true as long as the real person is actually the one doing the chatting on the other end. Few people realize that authentication of chat partners is crucial to prevent attacks on the messaging process. In a self experiment, Matthias Fassl from the research group of CISPA Faculty Dr. Katharina Krombholz examined why people rarely take these extra steps. The…

ESA’s Gaia provides many new and improved insights into our galaxy and beyond with the release of five new data products. Among other findings, the mission reveals half a million new and faint stars in a massive cluster. The new Gaia stars revealed in Omega Centauri live in one of the most crowded regions in the sky. Gaia’s third data release contained data on over 1.8 billion stars, building a pretty complete view of the Milky Way and beyond. However,…