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Physics & Astronomy
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Unravelling Coronal Mass Ejections from Our Solar System’s Origin

Young stars ejecting plasma could give us clues into the Sun’s past Kyoto, Japan — Down here on Earth we don’t usually notice, but the Sun is frequently ejecting huge masses of plasma into space. These are called coronal mass ejections (CMEs). They often occur together with sudden brightenings called flares, and sometimes extend far enough to disturb Earth’s magnetosphere, generating space weather phenomena including auroras or geomagnetic storms, and even damaging power grids on occasion. Scientists believe that when…

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eDevice Launches IDeMS: Streamlined M2M Fleet Management

eDevice of France has developed IDeMS, a completely new gateway for M2M fleet management that is accessible via a standard internet browser. It uses eDevice M2M modules to manage a fleet of systems connected via TCP/IP. IDeMS (Intelligent Device Management System) network and fleet-management services provide an immediately operational turnkey solution to maintain, supervise and run a complete M2M fleet.

The IDeMS fleet-management service can be used to recover, consolidate, archive and

Physics & Astronomy

Ghostly spokes in Saturn’s rings spotted by Cassini

Delighted scientists on the Cassini imaging team will be breaking out the champagne in celebration of the first Cassini sighting of spokes, the ghostly radial markings discovered in Saturn’s rings by NASA’s Voyager spacecraft 25 years ago.

A sequence of images taken on the unilluminated side of the rings has captured a few faint, narrow spokes in the outer B ring, about 3,500 kilometers long and about 100 kilometers wide (2,200 miles by 60 miles). The images show the spo

Physics & Astronomy

Asteroids Behind Early Inner Solar System Cataclysm Discovery

University of Arizona and Japanese scientists are convinced that evidence at last settles decades-long arguments about what objects bombarded the early inner solar system in a cataclysm 3.9 billion years ago.

Ancient main belt asteroids identical in size to present-day asteroids in the Mars-Jupiter belt — not comets — hammered the inner rocky planets in a unique catastrophe that lasted for a blink of geologic time, anywhere from 20 million to 150 million years, they report in

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Software tools help solve Europe’s air pollution problems

EUREKA project E! 1388 EUROENVIRON AIDAIR has developed a set of easy-to-use software tools, based on state-of-the-art modelling and data analysis methods, that will greatly enhance environmental management. The AIDAIR system utilises real-time links to monitoring sensors, regional forecasts and pollution control technologies to help decision-makers respond to air quality problems and pollution hotspots. As a commercially available product, it helps ensure compliance with EU pollution directive

Physics & Astronomy

Pulsar’s Unique Cannibalization of Companion Star Explained

In the scenario proposed by the astrophysicists, the gas from the companion star is channeled along the magnetic field lines until it slams into the pulsar magnetic poles. This gas, heated to extreme temperatures, produces high-energy photons. These photons, emitted periodically at the pulsar rotation frequency, are detected by the INTEGRAL satellite. Additional observations by NASA’s Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer show that during the cannibalization of the companion star, the pulsar spins

Physics & Astronomy

DNA-Based Nano Sensors: Detecting Odors and Tastes Efficiently

Nano-sized carbon tubes coated with strands of DNA can create tiny sensors with abilities to detect odors and tastes, according to researchers at the University of Pennsylvania and Monell Chemical Sciences Center. Their findings are published in the current issue of the journal Nano Letters, a publication of the American Chemical Society.

According to the researchers, arrays of these nanosensors could detect molecules on the order of one part per million, akin to finding a one

Physics & Astronomy

’Quasicrystal’ metal computer model could aid ultra-low-friction machine parts

Duke University materials scientists have developed a computer model of how a “quasicrystal” metallic alloy interacts with a gas at various temperatures and pressures. Their advance could contribute to wider applications of quasicrystals for extremely low-friction machine parts, such as ball bearings and sliding parts.

Quasicrystals, like normal crystals, consist of atoms that combine to form structures — triangles, rectangles, pentagons, etc. — that repeat in a pattern. However, unlike

Physics & Astronomy

Purdue scientists see biochemistry’s future – with quantum physics

Chemists who have trouble predicting how some large, complex biological molecules will react with others may soon have a solution from the world of computational quantum physics, say Purdue University researchers.

Using powerful supercomputers to analyze the interplay of the dozens of electrons that whirl in clouds about these molecules, a team of physicists led by Purdue’s Jorge H. Rodriguez has found that the quantum property of electrons called “spin” needs to be consider

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Media Invitation: SSTL and UniS launch PRC satellite to monitor 2008 Olympic Games and to aid in natural disasters

Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) and the University of Surrey (UniS) cordially invite members of the media to the live televised launch of the China DMC+4 earth observation satellite on Tuesday, 27 September at 7.52 a.m. at UniS School of Management.

China DMC+4, which will be launched from Plesetsk in northern Russia, will be used both to monitor preparations for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, and will be the most advanced satellite to form part of the Disaster Monitoring

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MIT Researchers Create Real-Time City Maps Using Cellphones

Can you see me now?

Researchers at MIT may not be able to hear your cellphone call, but they have found a way to see it. They mapped a city in real time by tracking tens of thousands of people traveling about carrying cellphones.

Using anonymous cellphone data provided by the leading cellphone operator in Austria, A1/Mobilkom, the researchers developed the Mobile Landscapes project, creating electronic maps of cellphone use in the metropolitan area of Graz, Austria, the

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New Carbon-14 Method Enhances Tooth Enamel Forensics

The radioactive carbon-14 produced by above-ground nuclear testing in the 1950s and 1960s is providing forensic scientists with a more precise way to determine a person’s age at the time of death. The method could help in the identification of victims of Hurricane Katrina and other large-scale disasters.

The new technique, developed by researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, determines the amount of carbon-14 in tooth ena

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Aid Hurricane Search and Rescue

Hurricane search and rescue is one of first domestic uses of such vehicles

Providing the benefits of speed, portability and access, a pair of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) surveyed storm-damaged communities in Miss. as part of the search for trapped survivors of Hurricane Katrina.

In what is one of the first deployments of such craft for disaster search and rescue, the vehicles captured video imagery to help responders focus efforts and avoid hazards.

“Th

Physics & Astronomy

Ancient Text Reveals Secret Behind Oracle of Delphi Consultations

Researchers at the University of Leicester have unravelled a 2,700 year old mystery concerning The Oracle of Delphi – by consulting an ancient farmer’s manual.

The researchers from the School of Archaeology and Ancient History sought to explain how people from across Greece came to consult with the Oracle – a hotline to the god Apollo- on a particular day of the year even though there was no common calendar.

Now their findings, published in this month’s edition of the

Physics & Astronomy

Black hole in search of a home

The detection of a super massive black hole without a massive host galaxy is the surprising result from a large Hubble and VLT study of quasars. This is the first convincing discovery of such an object. One intriguing explanation is that the host galaxy may be made almost exclusively of dark matter.

A team of European astronomers has used two of the most powerful astronomical facilities available, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Cerro

Physics & Astronomy

Like fireflies and pendulum clocks, nano-oscillators synchronize their behavior

Like the flashing of fireflies and ticking of pendulum clocks, the signals emitted by multiple nanoscale oscillators can naturally synchronize under certain conditions, greatly amplifying their output power and stabilizing their signal pattern, according to scientists at the Commerce Department’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

In the Sept. 15 issue of Nature,* NIST scientists describe “locking” the dynamic magnetic properties of two nanoscale oscill

Physics & Astronomy

Dartmouth researchers build world’s smallest mobile robot

In a world where “supersize” has entered the lexicon, there are some things getting smaller, like cell phones and laptops. Dartmouth researchers have contributed to the miniaturizing trend by creating the world’s smallest untethered, controllable robot. Their extremely tiny machine is about as wide as a strand of human hair, and half the length of the period at the end of this sentence. About 200 of these could march in a line across the top of a plain M&M. View images of the microrobot:

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