Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), can be used to visualize and analyze cellular structures in their natural environment. Researchers at the MPI of Biochemistry in Martinsried and the University Medical Center Göttingen have now used cryo-ET to study protein folding helpers, so-called chaperonin complexes, in the bacterium E. coli. These chaperonins help newly synthesized proteins to fold into their correct, functional form. The researchers were able to illuminate the folding reaction with unprecedented detail, monitoring conformational changes in the chaperonin as well…

…reveals fundamental nature of chemical bonding. The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons, their findings shine light on the fundamental nature of chemical bonds, with implications for pharmacy and chemical engineering. The results were published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. The behavior of the…

Billions of our cells die every day to make way for the growth of new ones. Most of these goners are cleaned up by phagocytes—mobile immune cells that migrate where needed to engulf problematic substances. But some dying or dead cells are consumed by their own neighbors, natural tissue cells with other primary jobs. How these cells sense the dying or dead around them has been largely unknown. Now researchers from The Rockefeller University have shown how the sensor system…

3D bioprinting with the body’s own cartilage cells. Sport can lead to injuries if not performed correctly, often affecting the cartilage in the joints. Untreated cartilage defects can lead to osteoarthritis at older age, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Personalized cartilage cell implants made by 3D printing should provide a remedy in future. Special printing inks containing the body’s own cartilage cells are being developed for this purpose. The four-year project at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied…

The risk of early heart failure after heart transplantation is lower if the donor heart is stored in a so-called heart-in-a-box instead of in the usual cooler with ice. This is according to a study where researchers at the University of Gothenburg are now presenting the results. The established way of storing donated hearts before transplantation is to keep them at four degrees in potassium solution in a cooler with ice. Handling is a race against time, where matching, transportation…

The causes and consequences of reproduction without males in brown algae. Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen and Kobe University discovered populations of female brown algae that reproduce from unfertilised gametes and thrive without males. As published in Nature Ecology and Evolution, they used “Amazon” algae to shed light on the phenotypic and genetic consequences of the shift from sexual to asexual reproduction. The researchers found several populations of brown algae in the sea on the coast of…

Nanoscience Associate Professor Yang Yang has designed a nature-inspired filtration and conversion system that extracts carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere to create fuels and chemicals. In an effort to reduce the environmental impact of carbon dioxide emissions, a University of Central Florida researcher has developed a new technology that captures carbon dioxide and outputs useful fuels and chemicals. Yang Yang, an associate professor in UCF’s NanoScience Technology Center, created an innovative device that captures carbon dioxide with a microsurface…

A commercial artificial intelligence (AI) tool used off-label was effective at excluding pathology and had equal or lower rates of critical misses on chest X-ray than radiologists, according to a study published today in Radiology, a journal of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). Recent developments in AI have sparked a growing interest in computer-assisted diagnosis, partly motivated by the increasing workload faced by radiology departments, the global shortage of radiologists and the potential for burnout in the field….

Children born with defects that impair the heart’s lower chambers undergo a series of invasive surgeries early in life. The first surgery includes implantation of a plastic tube called a shunt to improve blood flow. However, as children grow, the shunt is often replaced to accommodate their changing bodies. Now, researchers have designed a shunt that expands when activated by light. If developed successfully, this device could reduce the number of open-chest surgeries these children receive. The researchers will present…

Advanced application efficiently assesses new treatment possibilities, particularly for cancer. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has developed a unique technology to screen new DNA-targeting therapeutics designed to treat cancer and other diseases. Combining SwRI’s 3D drug screening software tool and machine learning techniques, SwRI scientists successfully predicted the DNA binding affinity and cancer cell toxicity for a variety of relevant drug compounds under development. SwRI Scientist Dillon Cao (left) and Research Scientist Dr. Tristan Adamson used machine learning with guided computational…

Hope for diabetic retinopathy. Macrophages, also known as scavenger cells, are part of our immune system. They destroy invading pathogens and are found in the organs and the bloodstream. Led by Prof. Dr. Peter Wieghofer, professor of cellular neuroanatomy, researchers at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Augsburg in Germany have now gained new insights into these immune cells in the eye. For the first time, they have shown that in the eye of the mouse macrophages are…

NIH-funded University of Cincinnati researcher studying magnetic nanoparticle delivery. Just as a business needs an effective and reliable service to deliver its goods to customers, medications need an effective delivery system to get them to the specific area of the body where they can have an impact. The University of Cincinnati’s Daniel Sun, MD, has received a career development award of just more than $1 million from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders…

Enhanced two-photon microscopy method could reveal insights into neural dynamics and neurological diseases. Researchers have developed a new two-photon fluorescence microscope that captures high-speed images of neural activity at cellular resolution. By imaging much faster and with less harm to brain tissue than traditional two-photon microscopy, the new approach could provide a clearer view of how neurons communicate in real time, leading to new insights into brain function and neurological diseases. “Our new microscope is ideally suited for studying the…

Currently, industrial processes in the U.S. account for approximately a third of the country’s carbon dioxide emissions – even more than the annual emissions from passenger vehicles, trucks, and airplanes combined. Decarbonizing this sector is a challenging but vital step in mitigating impacts on our future climate. Researchers at Stanford Engineering have designed and demonstrated a new type of thermochemical reactor that is capable of generating the immense amounts of heat required for many industrial processes using electricity instead of burning fossil…

Scientists highlight diversity and editability in photosensitive molecules. Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have identified a new photoreceptor in cyanobacteria with a modification in part of its structure which makes it sensitive to green/teal light. The photoreceptor belongs in a family usually sensitive to red/green light in the environment. They identified the parts of its amino acid structure responsible for this behavior; editing them helped restore sensitivity to red and green light, a remarkable example of molecular “plasticity” in action….

Revolutionary Discovery at the University of Bremen. Scientists at the University of Bremen have successfully isolated a nitrene for the first time, which was previously considered impossible to isolate. The discovery was published in the renowned “Science” journal. “Our finding is a great success for foundation research. Chemistry textbooks will have to be rewritten,” states Professor Jens Beckmann, head of the research team. “We have shown that it is possible to control these highly reactive compounds in the laboratory. This…