Social Sciences

Social Sciences

Interracial Relationships Surge in U.S., Age Affects Trends

Interracial relationships and marriages are becoming more common in the United States, according to a new Cornell University study.

The number of interracial marriages involving whites, blacks and Hispanics each year in the United States has jumped tenfold since the 1960s, but the older individuals are, the less likely they are to partner with someone of a different race, finds the new study.

“We think that’s because relationships are more likely to be interracial

Social Sciences

Addressing Grief in Young Children: New Research Insights

While the past fifteen years have seen a growth of support for school-aged children who have suffered bereavement, less attention has been paid to those under five years.

Now a researcher at the University of Leicester School of Education is redressing the balance in a two-year research programme called “Grief and Young Children”.

With a major grant of nearly £140,000 from the Parenting Fund, Rose Griffiths has been working with the Childhood Bereavement Network, L

Social Sciences

Beating the ‘Clutter’: Charities Must Learn to Stand Out in the Crowd

Charities must be genuinely distinctive to stand out in an increasingly crowded market, according to new research funded by the ESRC.

If they seem identical to other charitable organisations, appeals they make are doomed from the outset, says a study led by Professor Adrian Sargeant of the University of the West of England.

Researchers found that few facets of charity brands were genuinely distinctive. On the contrary, donors take the core values of charitable bodies as

Social Sciences

’Know Thyself’ — Easier Said Than Done

Benjamin Franklin wrote in his 1750 Poor Richard’s Almanac that “There are three things extremely hard: steel, a diamond, and to know one’s self.” The problem of achieving accurate self-knowledge hasn’t gotten any easier in 250 years; and, as shown in a new research report, there are major real-world consequences to this very human attribute.

In “Flawed Self-Evaluation: Implications for Health, Education, and the Workplace,” investigators David Dunning (Cornell), Chip Heath (Stanfo

Social Sciences

Caring About Clutter: New Insights on Household Disposal Trends

Far from being a ‘throwaway society’, most of us go to considerable lengths to pass on unwanted household items to others, according to new research sponsored by the ESRC. And when it comes to making our mark in society, it is not just what we acquire but what we decide to get rid of that is important to us, says the study by researchers at Sheffield and Nottingham Universities.

The project examined how households in the Midlands and North-East got rid of ordinary, everyday consumer items

Social Sciences

Aerobic Exercise’s Impact on Well-Being: Key Study Insights

A study by a group of Belgian investigators assessed the effects of aerobic exercise on various psychological dimensions, including well-being.

The first objective of this study was to compare the changes in physical self-concept, global self-esteem, depression and anxiety after participation in one of two 16-week psychomotor therapy programs for nonpsychotic psychiatric inpatients. The second objective was to study the relationship between changes in these variables.

Social Sciences

Global Changes in Marriage: Insights from 1950 to 2000

Specialists of the Institute of Comprehensive Social Studies (Modern University for the Humanities) have carried out detailed analysis of changes in the matrimonial relations structure in the world since 1950 to 2000. The researchers considered four types of matrimonial relations: monogamy (one man – one woman) and three types of polygamy – polygyny (one man – several women), polyandry (one woman – several men) and polygyandry (several women – several men). The fifth type of reproductive relatio

Social Sciences

Impact of Yob Culture: One in Five Businesses Affected

One in five people who responded to an internet survey run by The University of Nottingham Institute for Enterprise and Innovation said that ‘yob culture’ has had a significant impact on their business.

Just over one-fifth of respondents to The UK Business Barometer said the growth of yob culture, as reported in the media, was reflected in their own experiences and affected their business highly or quite highly.

Just over one-third of the respondents (35 per cent) said tha

Social Sciences

New Survey Reveals Rising Depression Rates in U.S. Adults

Highest lifetime risk shifts from younger population to middle-aged adults

Findings from the largest survey ever conducted on the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders among U.S. adults indicates a sharper picture than previously reported of major depressive disorder (MDD) in specific population groups. Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) also indicate a strong relationship of MDD to alcohol use disorders, drug disorders a

Social Sciences

Wives Outearning Husbands: A Growing Trend in Households

Saint Louis University research finds trend isn’t temporary

Between 13 and 20 percent of wives out-earn their husbands, according to recent Saint Louis University research.

“We had become so used to the Leave It to Beaver household, and not all households fit into that,” said Timothy McBride, Ph.D., director of health policy at Saint Louis University School of Public Health and a study author.

Researchers had noticed years ago that some women were out-ear

Social Sciences

How Immigrant Living Patterns Reshape US Demographics

Immigrants are more dispersed and far more entwined with American-born people when measured by the households in which they live rather than counted individually on the traditional basis of census tract, neighborhood, metropolitan area or state.

Using federal Census Bureau data from 1997 through 2001, geographers Mark Ellis of the University of Washington and Richard Wright of Dartmouth College, found that there are about 17 million third-generation or more Americans living in

Social Sciences

Every other boy who exhibits serious norm-breaking behavior before the age of thirteen risk becoming criminals

The future is bleak for children whose behavior seriously goes against the norm at a tender age. Early and long-term interventions make all the difference. This is shown in a research survey presented by IMS, the Institute for Evidence-Based Social Work Practice at the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare together with the National Board of Institutional Care.

The behavior of such children is often more serious and aggressive than that of children who do not violate the no

Social Sciences

Police Metrics Shift Focus from Anti-Social Behaviour Risks

Emphasis on national performance measures for crime and detection rates causes police resources to be diverted from dealing with anti-social behaviour, according to new research sponsored by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC).

This could help explain why when crime levels are generally falling, fear among the public is not, says a study led by Dr Paul Collier of the Aston Business School in Birmingham. This study forms one of the Public Service research projects

Social Sciences

How Dreams Shape Emotions: Insights from Indigenous Cultures

Dreams can help in coming to terms with major events and in taking difficult decisions in life. This is what Dutch-sponsored researcher Elizabeth Mohkamsing-den Boer concluded after her research into the function of dreams in indigenous Surinamese and Australian tribes.

’Dreams prepare your emotions’, is a comment that Mohkamsing-den Boer frequently heard during her research. This statement reaches to the heart of her study, namely the function of dreams during important

Social Sciences

Study Reveals Blind Spots in Decision-Making on Facial Attractiveness

When evaluating facial attractiveness, participants may fail to notice a radical change to the outcome of their choice, according to a study by researchers at Lund University, Sweden, and New York University. Equally surprising, the study shows that participants may produce confabulatory reports when asked to describe the reasons behind their choices. The findings appear in the October 7 issue of Science.

The authors on this paper are Petter Johansson, a graduate student; Lars

Social Sciences

The Dark Side of Self-Reinvention: Experts Sound Alarm

The 21st century craze to constantly reinvent ourselves is a dangerous addiction that can ruin lives, according to a controversial new book by sociologists Anthony Elliott (University of Kent) and Charles Lemert (Wesleyan University, USA).

The New Individualism: The Emotional Cost of Globalization, published by Routledge on 26 October 2005, is one of the first books to explore the personal and emotional impact of globalisation on real people, rather than its political or economi

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