Doubling the quantum information space of commercial technologies, this new chip is better suited for real-world application. Researchers at Penn Engineering have created a chip that outstrips the security and robustness of existing quantum communications hardware. Their technology communicates in “qudits,” doubling the quantum information space of any previous on-chip laser. Liang Feng, Professor in the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and Electrical Systems and Engineering (ESE), along with MSE postdoctoral fellow Zhifeng Zhang and ESE Ph.D. student Haoqi Zhao,…
A team of German and Spanish researchers headed by Prof. Hubert Krenner from the Institute of Physics at Münster University has succeeded in using a soundwave to switch individual photons on a chip back and forth between two outputs at gigahertz frequencies. A team of German and Spanish researchers from Valencia, Münster, Augsburg, Berlin and Munich have succeeded in controlling individual light quanta to an extremely high degree of precision. In the “Nature Communications” journal, the researchers report how, by…
The automotive industry is working intensively on autonomous driving – a demanding and multifaceted challenge. The Cognitive Neuroinformatics working group at the University of Bremen, headed by Professor Kerstin Schill, has contributed important research findings to the development of advanced driver assistance systems as part of a cooperation project with automotive supplier Continental. With the help of artificial intelligence, complex traffic situations can now be more easily identified. PRORETA 5 is the name of the research project that the automotive…
At Te Waewae Bay near Waihōpai (Invercargill), unusual activities are taking place in November. Extensive measurements are being carried out in the far south of New Zealand to study the atmosphere. The location was chosen to minimise human environmental influences and to be able to observe air masses originating from the Southern Ocean region. The research is jointly led by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in New Zealand and the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)…
A research team from Jena (Germany) and Turin (Italy) has reconstructed the origin of an unusual gravitational wave signal. As the researchers write in the current issue of the scientific journal “Nature Astronomy”, the signal GW190521 may result from the merger of two massive black holes that captured each other in their gravitational field and then collided while spinning around each other in a rapid, eccentric motion (DOI: 10.1038/s41550-022-01813-w). When black holes collide in the universe, the clash shakes up…
The fine structure constant is one of the most important natural constants of all. At TU Wien, a remarkable way of measuring it has been found – it shows up as a rotation angle. One over 137 – this is one of the most important numbers in physics. It is the approximate value of the so-called fine structure constant – a physical quantity that is of outstanding importance in atomic and particle physics. There are many ways to measure the…
No amount of alcohol consumption is safe for a developing fetus; a new study presents in molecular detail how alcohol harms growth and functioning of developing brain organoids. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy poses significant peril to the healthy development of the unborn child. There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. The consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are reflected in the different diagnoses that emerge under the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. At one end of…
Molecular profiles of the matrix around non-small cell lung cancers identifies which tumours become aggressive and require more targeted treatment. Scientists at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research have identified molecular profiles of the surrounding matrix of a common type of lung cancer that might indicate which patients are likely to develop aggressive tumours. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most prevalent type of lung cancer. Yet treatment options for these patients remain limited and have remained largely unchanged over…
Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have created grids of tiny clumps of atoms known as quantum dots and studied what happens when electrons dive into these archipelagos of atomic islands. Measuring the behavior of electrons in these relatively simple setups promises deep insights into how electrons behave in complex real-world materials and could help researchers engineer devices that make possible powerful quantum computers and other innovative technologies. In work published in Nature Communications, the researchers…
Researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) has recently developed a novel integration scheme for efficient coupling between III-V compound semiconductor devices and silicon components on silicon photonics (Si-photonics) platform by selective direct epitaxy, unlocking the potential of integrating energy-efficient photonics with cost-effective electronics, as well as enabling the next generation telecommunications with low cost, high speed and large capacity. Over the past few years, data traffic has been growing exponentially driven by various applications and…
A new study has revealed the potential for sensory deterrents to reduce marine megafauna bycatch in fisheries. The Newcastle University research suggests that sensory deterrents can work in some circumstances and may be part of the solution to reduce bycatch. Sensory deterrents are designed to provide sensory cues for marine megafauna (marine mammals, seabirds, sea turtles, sharks and rays) to avert their contact with fishing gear, whilst maintaining target catch quantity and quality. There are several types of sensory technologies…
Newly discovered effect boosts productivity of green hydrogen transport processes. Catalysts are of utmost relevance for the production of chemicals and energy storage with hydrogen. Researchers at the Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN) and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have now discovered that the formation of bubbles in the pores of a catalyst can be essential for its activity. Their findings help to optimize catalyst materials for reactions in which gases are formed from liquids – and which play…
Findings could open up a whole new chapter in climate science and help identify subsurface locations to safely store hydrogen for carbon-free energy. Trapped for millennia, the tiniest liquid remnants of an ancient inland sea have now been revealed. The surprising discovery of seawater sealed in what is now North America for 390 million years opens up a new avenue for understanding how oceans change and adapt with the changing climate. The method may also be useful in understanding how…
Scientists learn how horseshoe crab sees through its cuticle lenses. An international team of scientists explained how horseshoe crab builds rudimentary but highly efficient compound eyes using the cuticle – a material that typically forms the exoskeleton of an animal. The primitive compound eyes of a horseshoe crab are one the largest to be found in nature. In contrast to many insects and spiders that build their eyes from glassy proteins, the horseshoe crab uses cuticle, the same material that…
“If Charles Darwin had had the opportunity to dive off the Cape Verde Islands, he would have been completely thrilled”, Eduardo Sampaio is convinced, because Darwin would have seen a fascinating, species-rich landscape. But he lacked the diving equipment. Thus, in his notes The Voyage of the Beagle, Darwin described Cape Verde as a barren landscape. Eduardo Sampaio, affiliate member of the Cluster of Excellence “Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour” (CASCB) at the University of Konstanz, had…
Genome mining uncovers a widespread class of natural products that could be excellent candidates for future drugs. Benzobactins are bacterial natural products that have special biological activity due to a compound consisting of two ring structures. The bacterial genes responsible for the formation of the compound were previously unclear. Now, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology have been able to decipher its biosynthesis through extensive genomic research. Their research facilitates the discovery of numerous previously unknown natural…
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