Findings provide evidence for ‘deconfinement’ and insight into seething temperature of the hottest matter on Earth. Scientists using the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to study some of the hottest matter ever created in a laboratory have published their first data showing how three distinct variations of particles called upsilons sequentially “melt,” or dissociate, in the hot goo. The results, just published in Physical Review Letters, come from RHIC’s STAR detector, one of two large particle tracking experiments at this U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)…
Hydrogen’s potential as a clean fuel could be limited by a chemical reaction in the lower atmosphere, according to research from Princeton University and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. This is because hydrogen gas easily reacts in the atmosphere with the same molecule primarily responsible for breaking down methane, a potent greenhouse gas. If hydrogen emissions exceed a certain threshold, that shared reaction will likely lead to methane accumulating in the atmosphere — with decades-long climate consequences. “Hydrogen is…
Perhaps, but we must decide how to evaluate them. A ‘best practice’ protocol for researchers developing piezoelectric materials has been developed by scientists – a first in this cutting-edge field of technology. The protocol was developed by an international team led by physicists at University of Bath in the UK, in response to findings that experimental reports lack consistency. The researchers made the shocking discovery that nine out of 10 scientific papers miss experimental information that is crucial to ensure the…
… for antibiotic properties. Bacteriophages could hold the key to combatting antibiotic resistance. Working with them just got a lot easier. As conventional antibiotics continue to lose effectiveness against evolving pathogens, scientists are keen to employ the bacteria-killing techniques perfected by bacteriophages, the viruses that infect bacteria. One major challenge standing in their way is the difficulty of studying individual bacteriophage (phage) proteins and determining precisely how the virus wields these tools to kill their host bacteria. New research from…
Medical University of South Carolina researchers show that AI can be used to help to identify cirrhosis in electronic health records. The detectives There is power and value in a highly skilled detective. Sherlock Holmes and his trusty sidekick, Watson, are famous for sifting through enormous amounts of data – identifying patterns and making predictions to uncover a mystery with ease. In the medical world, clinicians are detectives, making diagnoses and drawing conclusions based on their clinical judgment and available…
New mouse model may inform potential therapeutic options for Down syndrome. National Institutes of Health researchers compared a new genetic animal model of Down syndrome to the standard model and found the updated version to be enhanced. The new mouse model shows milder cognitive traits compared to a previously studied Down syndrome mouse model. The results of this study, published in Biological Psychiatry, may help researchers develop more precise treatments to improve cognition in people with Down syndrome. Scientists found…
Clinical trials are a milestone in the development of safe and effective drugs and therapies. An antibody developed by Helmholtz Munich is now entering a phase 1 clinical trial. Together with the radiopharmaceutical company ITM Isotope Technologies Munich and Münster University Hospital, researchers hope to improve the treatment of patients with brain tumors. Glioblastomas are the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumors. Surgical removal of the tumor and additional radiation and chemotherapy usually do not result in a complete…
How to reduce emissions in the transport sector while maintaining our mobility? “SynphOnie”, a research cluster funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) that includes a team of researchers from the University of Passau headed by Professor Tobias Harks, is developing a mathematical model of transport flows to help make transport planning both needs-based and sustainable. The transport sector is one of the biggest greenhouse gas emitters. To ensure adherence to the objectives of the Paris…
Physicists led by Prof Raphael Wittkowski and Prof Uwe Thiele from the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Münster has developed a new model for the dynamics of systems consisting of many self-propelled particles. The study of active particles is one of the fastest-growing areas of physics. With „active particles“ physicists refer to objects which move by themselves as a result of internal self-propulsion. These include living things such as bacteria and fish swimming, birds flying or humans…
Students test new space technologies under space conditions. If all goes as planned, a rocket will be launched from Cape Canaveral to the International Space Station at 2:30 p.m. on Wednesday, March 15, 2023. A ferrofluid experiment of the student small satellite group (KSat) of the University of Stuttgart will be on board. This experiment will be conducted in space for around four weeks. The aim of the experiment is to find out how to replace mechanical parts such as switches with…
How does an iPhone predict the next word you’re going to type in your messages? The technology behind this, and also at the core of many AI applications, is called a transformer; a deep-learning algorithm that detects patterns in datasets. Now, researchers at EPFL and KAIST have created a transformer for Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous crystalline materials. By combining organic linkers with metal nodes, chemists can synthesize millions of different materials with potential applications in energy storage and gas…
… or treating vancomycin-resistant bacterial infections. Antimicrobials with the potential to act as immune stimulators and overcome bacterial resistance are emerging as important alternative approaches to fighting antimicrobial resistance The novel combination therapy pairs Mitoxantrone (MTX) and vancomycin to target both antibiotic-resistant pathogens and the host immune system to combat vancomycin resistance MTX is a promising compound to enhance the host immune system, enabling it to clear bacterial infections more effectively and improve infected wound healing Researchers from the Antimicrobial…
A USC-led team of scientists has made a drool-worthy discovery about how tendons and salivary glands develop in the jaw. Their results are published in a new study in Developmental Cell. In order for our jaws to function, they require not only a precisely patterned skeleton, but also tendons that connect the jaw skeleton to muscles and salivary glands that lubricate the mouth. Remarkably, the skeleton, tendons, and glands all derive from the same population of stem cells, which arise from…
… opening door to new therapeutic targets. The activity of ATE1, which flags misfolded proteins for destruction, is enhanced by binding iron-sulfur clusters. It’s also highly sensitive to oxygen, which may indicate it moderates the cell’s response to oxidative stress. A new paper in Nature Communications illuminates how a previously poorly understood enzyme works in the cell. Many diseases are tied to chronic cellular stress, and UMBC’s Aaron T. Smith and colleagues discovered that this enzyme plays an important role…
Innovative battery researchers have cracked the code to creating real-time 3D images of the promising but temperamental lithium metal battery as it cycles. A team from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, have succeeded in observing how the lithium metal in the cell behaves as it charges and discharges. The new method may contribute to batteries with higher capacity and increased safety in our future cars and devices. “We’ve opened a new window in order to understand – and in the…
Black holes become active and grow by consuming gas captured from other galaxies. This is the finding of a new study from University of Copenhagen researchers, and shows a clear connection between the evolution of supermassive black holes and galactic interaction. In the outer regions of the Milky Way, our blue planet rotates in its orbit around the Sun, the massive center of our Solar System. 26,000 light-years away, a supermassive black hole known as Sagittarius A* is at the…
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