Flexibility, durability and trust… The accessibility of RISC-V has started a revolution and, thanks to its open architecture, allows developers to design processors tailored to specific requirements. The Fraunhofer IPMS also offers a processor IP based on the RISC V instruction set architecture. The institute has extensive RISC-V expertise, which is used in research projects and is actively developed. The open-source instruction set architecture (ISA) called “Reduced Instruction Set Computer V” (RISC-V) was designed with the aim of emphasizing energy…
Fraunhofer IWS Seeks New Solution to Process Metals Even Below the Sea Surface. Given the increasing demand for renewable energy sources, the need for modern dismantling technologies for underwater use is also growing. For example, to bring a wind power plant in the sea up to more power, old steel frames must first be dismantled below sea level to rebuild them later in a larger size. The Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS in Dresden has now found…
Machine learning image analysis rapidly determines chemical mixture composition. Machine learning model provides quick method for determining the composition of solid chemical mixtures using only photographs of the sample. Have you ever accidentally ruined a recipe in the kitchen by adding salt instead of sugar? Due to their similar appearance, it’s an easy mistake to make. Similarly, checking with the naked eye is also used in chemistry labs to provide quick, initial assessments of reactions; however, just like in the…
International research team clarifies mode of action of cannabinoids in inflammation. While the German government is planning to relax legislation on the use of cannabis, researchers from the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, together with colleagues from Italy, Austria and the USA, have identified the mode of action underlying anti-inflammatory effects demonstrated by cannabinoids. A few days ago, the federal government took the controversial decision to make the acquisition and possession of small amounts of cannabis exempt from punishment. Provided the…
Automation and zero-defect production are important trends in machine construction. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a major role in advancing both of them. Today, it can already detect deviations in process monitoring data and implement quality control in real time. In the future, AI will regulate many more processes and simplify process planning through assistance functions. At the third “AI for Laser Technology Conference” on November 23 and 24, 2023, these and other trends in the application of AI in materials…
Joint project develops open and certifiable sensor platform for IoT applications. Digitization is increasingly permeating all aspects of our lives. Thanks to the “Internet of Things” (IoT), objects can now be connected in ways that simplify our daily routines in many ways. However, there are significant risks associated with handling private data and devices used in sensitive settings. In the SASPIT project, a consortium led by the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) aims to develop a certifiable IoT…
Working together with Chinese researchers, Münster physicists and chemists have, for the first time, produced long-chain mobile polymers on metallic surfaces, doing so by means of ballbot-type molecules which glide over the surface. Details of the work have been published in the journal “Nature Chemistry”. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are small, reactive ring molecules which bond well with metallic surfaces and which, over the past few years, have attracted a great deal of interest in the field of the stable chemical…
Regulation of Negative Emissions Technologies Presents Many Challenges. The ocean will play a key role in efforts to tackle the climate crisis, according to scientists and IPCC. The use of “negative emissions technologies” to enhance carbon sequestration and storage in the ocean is increasingly being discussed. In a study published in the scientific journal “Frontiers”, RIFS researchers Lina Röschel and Barbara Neumann describe the challenges that these technologies present. The existing regulatory and institutional frameworks are inadequate for the governance…
New study shows: Climate change is affecting the seasonal vertical migration of zooplankton in the Arctic. Due to intensifying sea-ice melting in the Arctic, sunlight is now penetrating deeper and deeper into the ocean. Since marine zooplankton respond to the available light, this is also changing their behaviour – especially how the tiny organisms rise and fall within the water column. As an international team of researchers led by the Alfred Wegener Institute has now shown, in the future this…
Ants that leave the nest to forage are more likely to be infected by parasites than their nestmates who take care of the brood. In a new study in Nature Communications, an international research team including scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology reports that, given the same genetic makeup, individual behavior alone determines whether or not an individual in a social group will contract a disease. Clonal raider ants of the species Ooceraea biroi that forage outside…
The computational design of new proteins for biomedical or other applications involves long computing times on powerful servers. A joint team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen and the University Hospital Tübingen has now developed and tested a new computational method to greatly speed up the necessary energy calculations. Their framework, now published in the journal Cell Reports Methods, allows for a precise and efficient design of functional proteins. Evidencing the usefulness of their findings, the…
Experiments promote a curious flipside of decaying monopoles: a reality where particle physics is quite literally turned on its head. The field of quantum physics is rife with paths leading to tantalising new areas of study, but one rabbit hole offers a unique vantage point into a world where particles behave differently—through the proverbial looking glass. Dubbed the ‘Alice ring’ after Lewis Carroll’s world-renowned stories on Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, the appearance of this object verifies a decades-old theory on…
In a world experiencing increased heat stress, a zero-carbon-emission cooling technology that consumes no electricity, operating instead by shedding heat directly into outer space, would be a groundbreaking advance. However, poor standardization and a lack of transparency is hampering this promising technology, known as radiative cooling. Best practice guidelines[1], outlined by KAUST leading radiative-cooling researcher Qiaoqiang Gan, could help set the research field back on track. Radiative-cooling devices offer electricity-free cooling by radiating heat within a narrow wavelength range called…
A prototype sensor that measures glucose levels in saliva could eventually offer a simple, rapid and painless way for people to monitor their diabetes, according to the KAUST researchers behind the technology. Diabetes is a disease that occurs when the body cannot regulate its blood glucose levels. Raised glucose levels can lead to cardiovascular disease and other conditions, so it is vital that people with diabetes maintain their blood glucose at moderate levels. People with diabetes have traditionally monitored their…
The carbon material graphene has excellent electronic properties. But are they also stable enough to be useful in practice? Calculations from TU Wien say: Yes. Nothing in the world is perfect. This is also true in materials research. In computer simulations, one often represents a system in a highly idealized way; for example, one calculates the properties that an absolutely perfect crystal would have. In practice, however, we always have to deal with additional effects – with defects in the…
Though drug developers have achieved some progress in treating Alzheimer’s disease with medicines that reduce amyloid-beta protein, other problems of the disease including inflammation, continue unchecked. In a new study, scientists at The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at MIT describe a candidate drug that in human cell cultures and Alzheimer’s mouse models reduced inflammation and improved memory. The target of the new “A11” molecule is a genetic transcription factor called PU.1. Prior research has shown that amid Alzheimer’s…
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