The complexing agent ethylenediamine-disuccinate (EDDS) is an ethylenediamine-tetraacetate (EDTA) isomer. EDTA is widely used in paper, textile, and laundry industry but also as cosmetic, food, and medical additive. Due to its poor degradability, EDTA became an environmental hazard. EDDS has similar complex-forming properties as EDTA. In contrast to EDTA, the isomer [S,S]-EDDS is biode-gradable. Therefore, a chemical process to produce [S,S]-EDDS had already been established. Howev-er, the chemical synthesis is not only expensive but also complicated.
A biotechnological large scale production of [S,S]-EDDS was not possible until now, because already 2 μM zinc, a concentration occurring ubiquitously in standard media, inhibits the synthesis of [S,S]-EDDS. Here we present a process to synthesize [S,S]-EDDS biotechnologically using an optimized Amycolatopsis japonicum strain, that produces [S,S]-EDDS in the presence of zinc and in complex media (see Figure 1).
The invention provides novel hexaorgano guanidinium or-ganocarbonates that can be used to produce other hexaorgano guanidinium salts through anion metathesis. The metathesis reaction according to the invention is highly efficient, as it enables quantitative production of the hexaorgano guanidinium salts. The method also avoids toxic byproducts. Both the hexaorgano guanidinium organocarbonates and hexaorgano guanidinium salts obtainable therefrom are halide-free ionic liquids and are thermally stable. They have many potential applications, for example in chemical syntheses, adsorption heat pumps, and elec-trolyte systems (e.g., batteries, photovoltaics).
Non-toxic wood treatment of wood (with DMDHEU impregnation process) to increase durability, hardness, stability and weather & water resistance of domestic softwood (like beech, pine, ..) to achieve top-quality tropical-like woods. Value added products can be created opening new markets for domestic softwoods.
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For a cost-efficient mass production of fiber composite components, it is essential to optimize the preparation of the near-net-shape textile preforms. The actual process consists of the manufacturing of standard textile semi-finished materials and therefore results in a discontinuous and cost-extensive procedure. The several working-steps – cutting to form, handling and fixing of the parts – are time-consuming and generate a big loss of valuable material. The process object of this invention takes advantages on the use of near-net-shape fabrics. Here single textile reinforcement elements are joined in a continuous process to form the final preform. The process described increase significantly the productivity of the production process of preforms and constitutes therefore a basis for the serial production of fiber composite components. Furthermore this technology can be integrated in an existing chain process in order to upgrade it. On behalf of the RWTH Aachen, PROvendis offers the license to the technology and the possibility to establish a scientific cooperation for further development.
The invention relates to an integrated traction and brake torque
control for electric vehicles with individual wheel drive, in which
each wheel is driven by an electric motor. The required torque on
each wheel is calculated by the slip controller in accordance with
the total torque demand produced by the driver, estimated target
slip for each wheel and the mode of the vehicle motion.
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