Earth Sciences

Earth Sciences

GeoVille’s Earth Observation Enhances Population Density Maps

In response to a growing demand for sharpened census data, GeoVille Information Systems has developed ‘real-world population’ maps based on Earth observation, under a contract named EO-STAT awarded by ESA, which can assist the private and public sector in fields such as geomarketing, market research, business location analysis, risk assessment and transport and urban planning.

GeoVille, an Austrian company specialising in geo-information, and Tele Atlas, the largest manufacturer of roa

Earth Sciences

Rare ‘Pristine’ Meteorite Discovered at University of Alberta

The depths of space are much closer to home following the University of Alberta’s acquisition of a meteorite that is the only one of its kind known to exist on Earth! What makes it so rare? The meteorite is ’pristine’ – that is, still frozen and uncontaminated – and so provides an invaluable preserved record of material from when the solar system formed 4.57 billion years ago.

The Tagish Lake Meteorite is carbonaceous chondrite and, as such, represents primitive materia

Earth Sciences

Norway’s First Dinosaur discovered – 2256 metres below the seabed

While most nations excavate their skeletons using a toothbrush, the Norwegians found one using a drill.

The somewhat rough uncovering of Norway’s first dinosaur happened in the North Sea, at an entire 2256 metres below the seabed. It had been there for nearly 200 million years, ever since the time the North Sea wasn’t a sea at all, but an enormous alluvial plane.

It is merely a coincidence that the remains of the old dinosaur now see the light of day again, or more preci

Earth Sciences

Mars’ New Mineral Record Reveals Early Life Potential

An international team of scientists, including Brown University geologist John Mustard, has created the most comprehensive mineral record of Mars to date. Using data from the European Space Agency’s Mars Express mission, the record shows three distinct geological eras on the Red Planet, with the earliest marked by the presence of water. Results are published in Science.

Mars started out relatively wet and temperate, underwent a major climate shift, and evolved into a cold,

Earth Sciences

Scientists penetrate fossil magma chamber beneath intact ocean crust — achieving scientific ’first’

PACIFIC OCEAN, approximately 800 km west of Costa Rica¡ªAn international team of scientists aboard the research drilling ship JOIDES Resolution has¡–for the first time¡–recovered black rocks known as gabbros from intact ocean crust. Supported by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), the scientists drilled through the volcanic rock that forms the Earth’s crust to reach a fossil magma chamber lying 1.4 kilometers beneath the seafloor.

“By sampling a complete section of the

Earth Sciences

Rainfall Erosion: How Climate Change Impacts Earth’s Depths

Human-induced climate change could ultimately influence deep Earth processes

The erosion caused by rainfall directly affects the movement of continental plates beneath mountain ranges, says a University of Toronto geophysicist — the first time science has raised the possibility that human-induced climate change could affect the deep workings of the planet.

“In geology, we have this idea that erosion’s going to affect merely the surface,” says Russell Pysklywec, a professor

Earth Sciences

Scientists Discover Ancient Magma Chamber Beneath Ocean

International collaboration brings up first samples of hard rock called gabbro in intact ocean crust

Scientists aboard the research drilling ship JOIDES Resolution have, for the first time, drilled into a fossil magma chamber under intact ocean crust. There, 1.4 kilometers beneath the sea floor, they have recovered samples of gabbro: a hard, black rock that forms when molten magma is trapped beneath Earth’s surface and cools slowly.
The scientists, affiliated with the Int

Earth Sciences

Massive Rivers Discovered Under Antarctica’s Ice Shelf

British scientists have discovered rivers the size of the Thames in London flowing hundreds of miles under the Antarctica ice shelf by examining small changes in elevation, observed by ESA’s ERS-2 satellite, in the surface of the oldest, thickest ice in the region, according to an article published in Nature this week.

The finding, which came as a great surprise to the scientists, challenges the widely held assumption that subglacial lakes evolved in isolated conditions for severa

Earth Sciences

Geologists Link Antarctic Cooling to Ancient Fish Teeth Clues

Ancient fish teeth are yielding clues about when Antarctica became the icy continent it is today, highlighting how ocean currents affect climate change.

University of Florida geologists have used a rare element found in tiny fish teeth gathered from miles below the ocean surface to date the opening of a passage at the bottom of the globe between the Atlantic and Pacific. The opening, which occurred millions of years ago in a much warmer era, allowed the formation of an ocean c

Earth Sciences

AUAVs Fly Over Indian Ocean to Monitor Pollution Levels

Expedition achieves milestone in analyzing atmospheric chemistry

A research consortium funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and led by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, has successfully sent a fleet of aerial drones through the pollution-filled skies over the Indian Ocean, thereby achieving an important milestone in the tracking of pollutants responsible for dimming Earth’s atmosphere.

The instrument-bearing

Earth Sciences

Antarctic Subglacial Rivers Discovered, Impacting Excavation Plans

Plans to drill deep beneath the frozen wastes of the Antarctic, to investigate subglacial lakes where ancient life is thought to exist, may have to be reviewed following a discovery by a British team led by UCL (University College London) scientists at the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM).

In a Letter to Nature they report that rivers the size of the Thames have been discovered which are moving water hundreds of mile

Earth Sciences

Scripps Project Tracks Pollutants Dimming Earth’s Atmosphere

Scripps-led Project Achieves Milestone in Analyzing Pollutants Dimming the Atmosphere

Technology behind unmanned aerial vehicles proves successful for flying beneath, above and through clouds to trace pollution particles

A scientific research consortium led by Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, has reached an important milestone in the tracking of pollutants responsible for dimming Earth’s atmosphere.

Scripps O

Earth Sciences

Temperatures, Not Hotels, Likely Alter Niagara Falls’ Mist

What’s up with the mist?

When the Niagara Parks Commission posed that question back in 2004, the concern was that high-rise hotels on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls were contributing to the creation of more mist, obscuring the very view that millions of tourists flock there every year to see.

The suspicion was that new high-rise buildings were altering airflow patterns, contributing to a higher, thicker mist plume.

Consultants conducted wind tunnel ex

Earth Sciences

German Floods Monitored From Space: ESA’s ERS-2 Insights

Torrential rain and melting snow caused Germany’s Elbe River to rise to a record high level in northern parts of the country over the weekend, flooding cities and damaging historic town centres. ESA’s ERS-2 satellite has been monitoring the situation from space.

The medieval city of Hitzacker, located in Lower Saxony about 100 kilometres from the Baltic Sea, was one of the hardest-hit areas with the Elbe reaching 7.63 metres – almost three times its normal level – on Sunday, threat

Earth Sciences

New Satellite Modeling Enhances Sea Level and El Niño Predictions

A paper published today in the American Geophysical Union’s Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans shows a method to recover valuable data from the primary tool used for measuring global sea level – satellite radar altimetry. Altimeter data are used, among other benefits, to monitor and predict the occurrence of events such as El Niño and La Niña – a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomena that can alter global weather patterns.

Some six percent of global altimetry measurements are

Earth Sciences

New Satellite Maps Reveal Chesapeake Bay Urban Growth Insights

The way in which buildings, roads, parking lots and other components of the built environment are integrated into communities impact a wide range of biogeochemical and hydrological processes. Among other effects, increased pollution discharge into streams has significant implications for the health of ecosystems. Scientists at the Woods Hole Research Center have developed new high resolution maps of the built environment , expressed in terms of impervious surface cover, for the 168,000-square

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