Nasal spray made from stem cell-derived vesicles could treat Alzheimer’s disease

Research from the College of Medicine offers hope for delaying Alzheimer’s disease progression by years after initial diagnosis.

A new therapy may delay Alzheimer’s disease progression by years, according to a study by researchers at Texas A&M University College of Medicine. Published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, the research aims to explore treatment options for Alzheimer’s, which constitutes the most common form of dementia and is a leading cause of death among those aged 65 or older, afflicting nearly 7 million Americans.

Utilizing a nasal spray to non-invasively target cells perpetuating chronic neuroinflammation, researchers found decreased inflammation in the brain and a reduction in the build-up of plaques and proteins thought to be linked to the progressive loss of neurons in the brain, characteristic of Alzheimer’s.

“This approach is effective because the cargo carried by these extracellular vesicles could reduce the neuropathological changes in the brain,” says Ashok K. Shetty, Ph.D., a University Distinguished Professor and associate director at the Institute for Regenerative Medicine in the Department of Cell Biology and Genetics.

Shetty, collaborator Madhu LN, Ph.D., and their colleagues, administered the nasal spray treatment to an animal model in the early stages of Alzheimer’s. Compounding their promising results, researchers also found that microglia, immune cells within the brain, incorporated the intranasally administered neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.

In Alzheimer’s, microglia activate to cause inflammation and clear Alzheimer’s-related plaques from the brain. This initially helpful function becomes problematic over time, Shetty says. “Prolonged activation causes them to lose their normal function and begin to harm neurons, leading to progressive neuron loss.”

Findings indicate that an intake of neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles significantly changed microglia gene expression and reduced the multiple harmful proinflammatory proteins without affecting the microglia’s ability to continue clearing the protein buildup related to Alzheimer’s, Madhu says.

Shetty has filed a patent on the intranasal application of neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for treating Alzheimer’s and other neurological disorders. He says the research conducted in his lab — funded by the National Institute on Aging — already has inspired further studies, and he hopes successful research could point toward treatment delaying Alzheimer’s-related changes and severe cognitive issues by 10 to 15 years after initial diagnosis. “Our journey to advance the application of this therapy for Alzheimer’s disease is just beginning,” he says.

By Texas A&M College of Medicine Marketing and Communications

Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12519
Method of Research: Experimental study
Subject of Research: Cells
Article Title: Extracellular vesicles from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells alleviate proinflammatory cascades within disease-associated microglia in Alzheimer’s disease
Article Publication Date: 5-Nov-2024
COI Statement: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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