’Miracle’ moss to give up its secrets

University of Leeds genetics researchers are part of an international project to determine the genome sequence of the fast-growing moss, Physcomitrella patens. Understanding how this British weed works will help scientists get to the root of how other species live and grow and, potentially, improve their resilience.

The quick-growing moss has been used in plant research for over 30 years as it’s easy to cultivate in laboratories. Genetic information from the project will help investigators explain why some varieties of moss can survive extreme conditions:

Lead UK academic Professor Cove explained why the moss is so special: “Mosses were among the first plants to colonise the land, 450 million years ago. They can do many of the things that the flowering plants have forgotten. Some of their ’primitive’ traits – like the ability to survive extremes of dehydration – would be useful in modern crops. You can take a Victorian sample of some mosses and bring them ’back’ to life years on by just adding water. By studying the genes controlling these traits in the moss, we should be able to identify how these characteristics could be re-awoken in flowering plants.”

Moss expert Professor David Cove and his team will work with Professor Ralph Quatrano from St. Louis and Professor Brent Mishler from the University of California. The sequencing will be carried out by the US Department of Energy. The project builds on 30 years of research in Leeds, Japan, Germany, Switzerland and the USA.

The reasons for mapping the moss’s genome can be found in another international research project. Professor Cove said: “The human genome project is helping us understand genetic causes of disease – and to develop new therapies. It’s clear that much of our knowledge came by comparing the genomes of humans with those of much simpler animals, like flies and worms. Soon, we’ll be able to do the same thing by comparing the genomes of simple and complex plants.”

The genome of the moss is larger than that of the first plant genome sequenced, ’Wonder Weed’, Arabidopsis thaliana – a simple flowering plant used by plant scientists worldwide as a model for the study of plant development.